Although it would seem that way at first thought, the fact is that they take less. It's called tracking. Imagine the trams, if it helps, they contain basically a number of trailers, yet due to the configuration of the train, it tracks almost completely in the line of the lead vehicle. I don't know if studies have been done, but I'd bet that there isn't a huge difference between where the first tire tracks and the very last on does. It has to do more with the wheel base of each vehicle, not the overall length of the train/bus.
Believe me, after years of driving 40 foot municipal buses, there isn't a curb in the city that hasn't been violated by the tires on the bus. Besides the idea that they hold more passengers, the big sell for them has been the increased maneuverability in tight spaces. They do need more space to completely straighten out and sit squarely next to the curbs at bus stops. Backing up? Well, that's quite another story.