When you get into the more competitive stuff, there is a lot of physicality in the base running, especially scoring plays and stolen bases. The pics below are a play at the plate with one of Sam's teammates. This is not an uncommon thing to see. Depending on the way the kid slides and the player(s) coming in for the tag, you could have a really brutal play at the plate. My mom wanted to debate me on sliding head vs. feet first or sliding in general, but this isn't recreational ball and next year, they're going to start having metal cleats coming at them in slides.
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This is one of my daughter sliding into second while trying to steal the base. She came in under the tag and was safe, but the second baseman should be swinging her glove hand back as quickly as possible to make the tag, so I could see hit to the throat potential in this play. Not with the knee, like the one at home had, but still contact injury risk. In the tag where she was injured this week, I believe the girl was squatting into the tag and the neck and knee just happened to be in the same place at the same time.
Aside from being stepped on (we've seen a number of broken hands and wrists from this), getting hit by a line drive is usually the biggie for risk...and it happens a lot. Softballs aren't soft in any way, so when you consider exit velocity off of a bat from a 50-60 mph pitch...that's a ball that could do a lot of damage. I make my kids wear infielder's masks, but we've seen girls take balls to the face and require major reconstructive surgery. One of the scariest I saw was a line drive back at the pitcher...nailed her in the chest...and knocked her out for a while. If you're hit by a wild pitch, that can also do some damage. We had a player hit in the spine the other week and it did a number on her nerves for a while.
She's thankfully feeling much better and sounding almost normal.