Well, to be honest, it's up to the parents and schools to impress upon the kids how important it is to work hard, because their future depends on it. And if they goof off and wake up later, then they have to take the longer route. But it's kind of a different mentality here. In the US, there's nothing at stake up through elementary school. You go to the school that is in your area and you don't worry about college until after junior high really. Nothing much counts up to then.
Here, you start already with preparations for the division in levels in about 4th grade. They have a national benchmark test that you take twice a year all the way from preschool on through elementary school that shows you where you fall in comparison with other students in your grade. And you have parent teacher conferences to discuss grades and test scores and what they will mean for the future. You're brought up knowing that your high school will be divided by level and that your level will determine what careers you will be elligible for. In 5th grade, you have consults with your teacher and you get a preliminary recommendation for which level you can probably handle. Then in 6th grade, you get an updated recommendation, and you take an exam, which is basically like an elementary level ACT. Based on your scores and the recommendation of your teacher, you are given your final evaluation results. So you would have plenty of time in which to prepare, knowing that it was really important for your future. It's kind of your own fault if you completely blow it. And that's why they have the system where you can go on to the next level once you've completed the first one. It takes you longer, but if you've matured and are then willing to put in the work you didn't before, you can still do University. But it's up to them. They're given every opportunity when they are younger, and maturity is part of the evaluation. A kid might learn really quickly and be able to pass without studying, but if they don't do their share of work on projects, they goof off in class, etc, they won't get to do the highest level, because part of that level is doing lots of homework and being able to work independently.
In my daughter's class, 1/3 are in danger of not passing the year because they haven't done their homework and haven't done well on tests. They aren't motivated. They could be kicked out of the higher level and relegated to the next highest, just because they aren't willing to put in the work it takes to do the highest level. They might learn easily, but if they don't take it seriously, they won't make it through. Then they have to go back a level and then they can stream through again later and have to tack on the extra year that they wouldn't have had to do if they'd worked hard the first time through. But that's why they divide it....so the kids who are actually motivated to put the work in aren't held back by kids who don't really care, and kids who struggle more aren't lost in the shuffle. They get an education that's geared specifically towards what they can do so they can succeed.