Maybe a failure of imagination on the part of our governments, but not the medical community. There were a series of very good (and frankly scary) articles in the November 2017 issue of Smithsonian Magazine on the next pandemic...
Providing historical context and scientific evidence as the pandemic unfolds
www.smithsonianmag.com
This one includes a video, and one of the speakers is Dr. Fauci:
The question isn’t whether a pandemic will strike—it’s how it will play out.
www.smithsonianmag.com
So no, we've known this was coming, and unlike a terrorist attack, we have 100+ years of experience knowing how viruses strike and spread. This should NOT have caught us off guard and shame on us all if we don't, in the future shift resources from things like building another aircraft carrier when we already have 20, to manufacturing and stockpiling medical supplies for the next INEVITABLE pandemic.