Hong Kong is quite navigable for those of us who only speak English. 150-odd years as a British colony will do that.
Paris is a little trickier, but making even a poor attempt at a few words of French can go a long way.
Shanghai is even more interesting. Most of the signage is dual-language, but some folks who live there do not speak any English at all---most notably, the taxi drivers. And, most of the on-the-fly translation services (e.g. Google Translate) are only so helpful. On the bright side, the restaurant menus in tourist zones are often pictograms, so you can just point at what looks good.