Solar power farm coming to Disney

larryz

I'm Just A Tourist!
Premium Member
I worked for a state utility regulator for 32 years. My last job was interacting with PJM and FEEC. Believe me when I say the power produced on homes is sent to the grid first and not your home and when there is a power outage in your area you lose power. Ask anyone in NY too what happened during Sandy. They lost power.
They lost power if they didn't have an inverter with an isolator, or a hybrid system with an isolator, both of which will keep power at your home which can be used as long as there's (a) sunlight or (b) juice in the batteries. Here's how the hybrid system is set up...
352396
 

seascape

Well-Known Member
They lost power if they didn't have an inverter with an isolator, or a hybrid system with an isolator, both of which will keep power at your home which can be used as long as there's (a) sunlight or (b) juice in the batteries. Here's how the hybrid system is set up...
View attachment 352396
Homeowners can't have that system. I would jump at it. I am a strong solar fan but only if I can be off the grid and not subsidized by the middleclass and poor. Yes upper middleclass and rich people are subsidized and it is wrong. I can afford to pay my correct energy bills and would rather help the poor. Anyway go ask a solar supplier in PJM is you can buy such a system and if they are honest they will tell you no. The subsidy requires power to go out first. That is why it is called net metering. Measures power going out and power coming in.
 

Thelazer

Well-Known Member
There are systems, that do have a couple of outlets "protected" even if power is off. You have to run an extension cord from the outlet on the inventor to whatever appliance you want to use.. but they do sell those systems.
 

JoeCamel

Well-Known Member
Homeowners can't have that system. I would jump at it. I am a strong solar fan but only if I can be off the grid and not subsidized by the middleclass and poor. Yes upper middleclass and rich people are subsidized and it is wrong. I can afford to pay my correct energy bills and would rather help the poor. Anyway go ask a solar supplier in PJM is you can buy such a system and if they are honest they will tell you no. The subsidy requires power to go out first. That is why it is called net metering. Measures power going out and power coming in.
Maybe in NJ? They won't let you pump your own gas there either.....
 

larryz

I'm Just A Tourist!
Premium Member
There are systems, that do have a couple of outlets "protected" even if power is off. You have to run an extension cord from the outlet on the inventor to whatever appliance you want to use.. but they do sell those systems.
If you'll look at the diagram I posted, there's an "AC Disconnect" that channels the solar-powered AC to a separate distribution panel.
 

mgf

Well-Known Member
It isn't that you can't literally design a system. It is that some utilities will not allow you to have a system that could inadvertently energize lines connected to your house during a power outage. My net metering agreement required the system to automatically shut down if the inverter does not detect external power. It is to protect the utility workers.
 

GoofGoof

Premium Member
What @seascape is talking about is called net metering. If you have home solar you can generate more power than you need during the day and then draw power from the grid at night but the utility only charges you for the net power taken from the grid which can be close to zero or even negative (they pay you) so you get the benefit of having the grid for a backup without paying for any of the costs. He is correct that most states have home solar setups where your power generated goes to the grid first the. Your home draws the power it needs. You can have a setup “off grid” with batteries but it’s on you if your power fails.

I disagree that the grid will go away. There are still many homes and businesses that are not compatible for home solar installations. It doesn’t work well for many urban areas. Utility scale renewables (wind farms, hydro, giant fields of solar in the desert) still need the grid to deliver power to end users. As does community solar which allows people who have homes not suitable for solar to draw power from a local shared community solar project. The first thing to go is net metering. Hawaii reached a tipping point and decided to suspend net metering going forward so any new solar installations will still be charged grid charges for all power taken. If we get to the point where batteries allow many solar users to go off the grid and grid costs cannot be sustained by those left using it, the government will be forced to step in and subsidize with tax dollars. They won’t just tell a bunch of people (especially people living in urban high rise buildings) they just have to live without electricity.
 

Lensman

Well-Known Member
Grid-tie PV systems have an inverter that is designed to go offline when the grid goes down - this feature is called anti-islanding. This is the way they are designed for safety reasons because of the potential danger of solar inverters energizing power lines that line workers think are de-energized. It is very hard to fool these inverters into thinking that the grid is up, besides it being a very bad idea.

OTOH, the Tesla Powerwall system and other similar systems can provide backup power during a power outage and will take your house off the grid in a power outage. The system will recharge your Powerwall from your solar PV system and stay up indefinitely, as long as you manage your electrical load appropriately. This is similar to what happens with whole house generators hooked up via an automatic transfer switch.

I don't think the idea that the power generated by your grid-tied PV system goes to the utility "first" is strictly accurate. In most installations, the power from the solar pv inverter comes into your electrical panel via a 240V circuit breaker. Thus, to the extent that that "negative" load interacts with the positive load coming in from the various other circuit breakers before "pulling" load from the mains coming in to your electrical panel from your electric meter. And you can see the result of this in that most utilities can only estimate the production from behind-the-meter solar generation since they don't know how much power is being generated by rooftop solar that is being used by the homeowner.

I've been doing the research on putting in a solar PV system with a battery for backup (in Florida). If anyone is interested I'll let you know what I come up with. Note that I'd be doing this to save money, not to save the planet - not that there'd be anything wrong with that.
 

GoofGoof

Premium Member
Grid-tie PV systems have an inverter that is designed to go offline when the grid goes down - this feature is called anti-islanding. This is the way they are designed for safety reasons because of the potential danger of solar inverters energizing power lines that line workers think are de-energized. It is very hard to fool these inverters into thinking that the grid is up, besides it being a very bad idea.

OTOH, the Tesla Powerwall system and other similar systems can provide backup power during a power outage and will take your house off the grid in a power outage. The system will recharge your Powerwall from your solar PV system and stay up indefinitely, as long as you manage your electrical load appropriately. This is similar to what happens with whole house generators hooked up via an automatic transfer switch.

I don't think the idea that the power generated by your grid-tied PV system goes to the utility "first" is strictly accurate. In most installations, the power from the solar pv inverter comes into your electrical panel via a 240V circuit breaker. Thus, to the extent that that "negative" load interacts with the positive load coming in from the various other circuit breakers before "pulling" load from the mains coming in to your electrical panel from your electric meter. And you can see the result of this in that most utilities can only estimate the production from behind-the-meter solar generation since they don't know how much power is being generated by rooftop solar that is being used by the homeowner.

I've been doing the research on putting in a solar PV system with a battery for backup (in Florida). If anyone is interested I'll let you know what I come up with. Note that I'd be doing this to save money, not to save the planet - not that there'd be anything wrong with that.
This is all true. Without a backup system if the grid goes down your solar panels will not provide power to your house. Solar power is also variable based on the sun and clouds so without the grid (or a good battery backup) for regulation and voltage support your lights would dim and surge and your appliances could get damaged. With a battery backup the battery acts like the grid and smooths out the power used and also acts as a backup or night use.
 

Lensman

Well-Known Member
It's the extrapolation to trying to power Florida off of solar. It is the only renewable resource really available in the state that is practical (except maybe turning sugar cane into ethanol). From the air the state will look like a giant slab of shiny, dark blue stone.
Using the Disney solar farm as an example, it would take about 1% of the land area of Florida in order for solar to provide 50% of Florida's current electricity usage. This is using BNEF's latest projection of the U.S. energy mix in 2050 given market forces.

As a comparison, agriculture in Florida currently accounts for 22% of land usage in Florida.
@DisneyCane, I do think that your concern about farmland usage is worth considering, as there is a lot of pressure on farmland that I recently read about.

There are about 900 million acres of farmland in the U.S. as of 2017. This is 3 million less than in 2014. And we lost 31 million acres of farmland between 1992 and 2002.

Interestingly, the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) was established by the Federal Government in 1985 with a target of retiring 10% of U.S. cropland from production.(!) It's goal is to protect wildlife habitat and soil and water quality, and to prevent excessive agricultural production. (Despite the bold text, I don't mean for us to get derailed into a discussion of agricultural subsidies) Currently, about 22 million acres of farmland is enrolled in the CRP, down from a peak of 36 million acres in 2007.

The most concerning datapoint I read about loss of farmland is between 1992 and 2012, we lost 30 million acres of farmland to development.

And setting the somewhat ridiculous edge case limit for solar, if 100% of the U.S. electrical needs were satisfied by solar and storage, it would take 10 million acres. Of course this is not anticipated to happen. The maximum I read for 2050 is 25% or 2.5 million acres.

Anyway, I'm not making a case for or against solar. I just think we should be in possession of all the facts before we walk down the aisle.
 

Paper straw fan

Well-Known Member
A lot of interesting ideas and facts here that I’d have to read up on just to be able to comment on, so I’ll speak to what else I don’t know:

Somewhere off I-27, between what I know to be WDW land and the new Margaritaville resort I saw another huge solar farm back in December, one way larger than what I’ve seen on what I know to be WDW property. Anyone know who’s that is?
 

Lensman

Well-Known Member
A lot of interesting ideas and facts here that I’d have to read up on just to be able to comment on, so I’ll speak to what else I don’t know:

Somewhere off I-27, between what I know to be WDW land and the new Margaritaville resort I saw another huge solar farm back in December, one way larger than what I’ve seen on what I know to be WDW property. Anyone know who’s that is?
The announcement of Disney's second solar farm is in post #399 of this thread, but it's off of SR 429 north of Flamingo Crossings. Are you sure you were on US 27 and not SR 429 when you saw the farm?

This second farm is 10 times bigger than the first one.

@danlb_2000 posted the best maps a few pages later:
Permits were filed for the new solar farm. All the solid black areas will be solar panels. They are squeezing them in where every they can between the storm water infiltration basins.

View attachment 276924

View attachment 276926
 

GoofGoof

Premium Member
@DisneyCane, I do think that your concern about farmland usage is worth considering, as there is a lot of pressure on farmland that I recently read about.

There are about 900 million acres of farmland in the U.S. as of 2017. This is 3 million less than in 2014. And we lost 31 million acres of farmland between 1992 and 2002.

Interestingly, the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) was established by the Federal Government in 1985 with a target of retiring 10% of U.S. cropland from production.(!) It's goal is to protect wildlife habitat and soil and water quality, and to prevent excessive agricultural production. (Despite the bold text, I don't mean for us to get derailed into a discussion of agricultural subsidies) Currently, about 22 million acres of farmland is enrolled in the CRP, down from a peak of 36 million acres in 2007.

The most concerning datapoint I read about loss of farmland is between 1992 and 2012, we lost 30 million acres of farmland to development.

And setting the somewhat ridiculous edge case limit for solar, if 100% of the U.S. electrical needs were satisfied by solar and storage, it would take 10 million acres. Of course this is not anticipated to happen. The maximum I read for 2050 is 25% or 2.5 million acres.

Anyway, I'm not making a case for or against solar. I just think we should be in possession of all the facts before we walk down the aisle.
Good points all around.

One thing to point out is not all solar needs to go on open, agricultural land. In a lot of cases they build on land that’s deemed more “useless”. Large utility scale solar farms are built in the desert over federal land that’s basically not being used. In many states solar is being built over former industrial sites that have been sitting long abandoned. Shut down a coal burning power plant and add solar over the former coal ash storage sites or location of the former coal piles. It’s also popular to add smaller scale solar on industrial buildings like warehouses and data centers which are all over the place and close to large population centers. Several large casinos in Vegas added substantial solar arrays on top of existing convention center buildings and hotel towers. The other issue is getting power from solar farms to end users. The majority of people live in urban areas and the majority of farmland is in rural areas. Without a significant investment in new high volatile power lines we will need to build solar closer to the people. In urban areas there are lots of warehouses and industrial sites perfect for solar, plus tons of parking lots. Those installations cost more than installing on open ground, but when you factor in the transmission costs it makes the urban projects a lot more economic.

The point is you wouldn’t need to take away 10 million acres of quality farmland or potential farmland. You could probably achieve more than half the goal without touching “useful” land. I am also not sure the goal should ever be 100% or at least not any time soon. A very achievable goal like 50% renewables nationwide by 2050 could be accomplished without severe impact to open land.
 

Paper straw fan

Well-Known Member
The announcement of Disney's second solar farm is in post #399 of this thread, but it's off of SR 429 north of Flamingo Crossings. Are you sure you were on US 27 and not SR 429 when you saw the farm?

This second farm is 10 times bigger than the first one.

@danlb_2000 posted the best maps a few pages later:

That’s probably it. Was driving back from the central FL fairgrounds and mostly following my navigation, so I didn’t quite mark it on my brain’s GPS. Thanks !
 

Lensman

Well-Known Member
On a related note, Florida Power & Light announced plans to build the world's largest solar-power battery to replace a couple of aging gas-peaker plants. http://newsroom.fpl.com/2019-03-28-...elerated-retirement-of-fossil-fuel-generation

I'm thinking that the next step for Disney would be to do another PPA for a solar + storage project to provide evening and overnight power for the parks and resorts. If we see it I'd see it as confirmation of Disney's real commitment to sustainability since I don't think they'd actually save a lot of money with solar + storage right now. I think solar + storage is only cost-competitive at utility scale to replace gas peakers.
 

GoofGoof

Premium Member
On a related note, Florida Power & Light announced plans to build the world's largest solar-power battery to replace a couple of aging gas-peaker plants. http://newsroom.fpl.com/2019-03-28-...elerated-retirement-of-fossil-fuel-generation

I'm thinking that the next step for Disney would be to do another PPA for a solar + storage project to provide evening and overnight power for the parks and resorts. If we see it I'd see it as confirmation of Disney's real commitment to sustainability since I don't think they'd actually save a lot of money with solar + storage right now. I think solar + storage is only cost-competitive at utility scale to replace gas peakers.
I still think the technology is a little ways off from being truly cost competitive even at utility scale. FP&L is a monopoly utility that can just pass its costs on to rate payers so they bear no risk for a project like this. In my personal experience in the industry these types of batteries still tend to be less efficient than expected and have a lot of operational issues. Battery tech keeps improving dramatically each year so I would say we are less than a decade from battery storage actually being economic.
 

Lensman

Well-Known Member
I still think the technology is a little ways off from being truly cost competitive even at utility scale. FP&L is a monopoly utility that can just pass its costs on to rate payers so they bear no risk for a project like this. In my personal experience in the industry these types of batteries still tend to be less efficient than expected and have a lot of operational issues. Battery tech keeps improving dramatically each year so I would say we are less than a decade from battery storage actually being economic.
Your 10 year estimate probably isn't far off. Arizona Public Service recently signed an unusually short 7 year PPA with Calpine for power from an existing natural gas plant.

In the FPL case, I think they had some aging natural gas peakers that they needed to replace, but I think the economics of a building a new natural gas peaker probably required 20 year stable prices in both the energy market, the natural gas market, and regulatory stability. FPL says that building the battery storage plant will save ratepayers $100 million, but I suppose they could be wrong.

Since you're in the industry, have you seen the analyses that back up statements like "save ratepayers $100 million"? My hypothesis is that it requires the economics of curtailment to kick in about 10 years from now. What I mean by that is that since solar PV (without storage) is economic right now, more and more of it will be build, by residential and commercial customers and utility-scale by energy companies. FPL alone plans to install 10 GW of solar PV by 2030 (because it's currently the cheapest generation capacity to build). They currently have 25 GW of generating capacity and a summer peak demand of about 22 GW. But despite covering 45% of peak load, solar will only provide about 15% of the total electricity generated due to it's low load factor of 0.28 due to angle of night, angle of incidence, and clouds. However, because nuclear and combined cycle gas are baseload generation and have minimum generation they don't go below, we could see curtailment - the involuntary reduction in output from a generating plant. This is pure waste and if there were a real-time market, would drive the marginal cost of electricity to zero during those times.

So all this just drives the economic story behind energy storage. Instead of curtailment, an entity like FPL would use storage and charge up the batteries when there is excess generation and release it back onto the grid when there is enough demand in the late afternoon and evening. And including some storage into a solar farm makes that power partially dispatchable, increasing its value.

Another aspect of this is that curtailment is also disruptive to the economics of building new baseload power plants like combined cycle gas and nuclear. So it's only gas peakers that have a stable business case but as you said, that case is only likely to last for the next 10 years. If that's so, it may be uneconomic to build a new gas peaker today.
 

GoofGoof

Premium Member
Your 10 year estimate probably isn't far off. Arizona Public Service recently signed an unusually short 7 year PPA with Calpine for power from an existing natural gas plant.

In the FPL case, I think they had some aging natural gas peakers that they needed to replace, but I think the economics of a building a new natural gas peaker probably required 20 year stable prices in both the energy market, the natural gas market, and regulatory stability. FPL says that building the battery storage plant will save ratepayers $100 million, but I suppose they could be wrong.

Since you're in the industry, have you seen the analyses that back up statements like "save ratepayers $100 million"? My hypothesis is that it requires the economics of curtailment to kick in about 10 years from now. What I mean by that is that since solar PV (without storage) is economic right now, more and more of it will be build, by residential and commercial customers and utility-scale by energy companies. FPL alone plans to install 10 GW of solar PV by 2030 (because it's currently the cheapest generation capacity to build). They currently have 25 GW of generating capacity and a summer peak demand of about 22 GW. But despite covering 45% of peak load, solar will only provide about 15% of the total electricity generated due to it's low load factor of 0.28 due to angle of night, angle of incidence, and clouds. However, because nuclear and combined cycle gas are baseload generation and have minimum generation they don't go below, we could see curtailment - the involuntary reduction in output from a generating plant. This is pure waste and if there were a real-time market, would drive the marginal cost of electricity to zero during those times.

So all this just drives the economic story behind energy storage. Instead of curtailment, an entity like FPL would use storage and charge up the batteries when there is excess generation and release it back onto the grid when there is enough demand in the late afternoon and evening. And including some storage into a solar farm makes that power partially dispatchable, increasing its value.

Another aspect of this is that curtailment is also disruptive to the economics of building new baseload power plants like combined cycle gas and nuclear. So it's only gas peakers that have a stable business case but as you said, that case is only likely to last for the next 10 years. If that's so, it may be uneconomic to build a new gas peaker today.
From my understanding they aren’t planning to use this battery at night when the sun is down but as a supplemental peaking plant. When demand is highest and the price of power is the highest they will be using both the solar plant and the battery at the same time. The battery will be charged during times when the price for power is lower (mornings) and dispatched back to the grid at higher price times (late afternoon). Their estimate of saving $100M is probably mostly a savings of reduced fuel costs (in this case the natural gas that would have been used to run inefficient older peaking units). They will also save on labor. A natural gas plant has a number of highly skilled union plant workers and engineers who make pretty good money. Going from coal to gas is a huge labor savings and then going down to a battery or renewables is even more savings.

This type of project allows for solar power to be a more reliable source of peak power. The battery won’t last long enough to cover the whole night, but it doesn’t need to. Overnight power prices are really cheap anyway because only your most efficient units will be running. It’s expensive to get power from an ineffective peaking unit during times of extreme peak need. The plants FPL is retiring probably rarely ran but had to be kept in service for grid reliability. Now they can be shut down and replaced with a low labor, low maintenance battery.
 

DisneyCane

Well-Known Member
Homeowners can't have that system. I would jump at it. I am a strong solar fan but only if I can be off the grid and not subsidized by the middleclass and poor. Yes upper middleclass and rich people are subsidized and it is wrong. I can afford to pay my correct energy bills and would rather help the poor. Anyway go ask a solar supplier in PJM is you can buy such a system and if they are honest they will tell you no. The subsidy requires power to go out first. That is why it is called net metering. Measures power going out and power coming in.

What is stopping you (or any homeowner) from installing solar with a battery that supplies your electric isolated from the grid and then switches to the grid with a transfer switch (like any backup generator system) when the batteries don't have enough juice to meet your demand?
 

seascape

Well-Known Member
What is stopping you (or any homeowner) from installing solar with a battery that supplies your electric isolated from the grid and then switches to the grid with a transfer switch (like any backup generator system) when the batteries don't have enough juice to meet your demand?
In the Northeast, both NY and NJ require all residential solar systems to be connected to the grid first then battery backup. In other words they require you to suffer any power outage like everyone else. Yes you can have a system that gives you 24 hours of power but no one has a system that can last 5 days without power like Sandy caused. I would love to have an off the grid solar system with a natural gas backup generator. But that is illegal and if the GND ever passed would always be illegal. I want the law to change so I only pay for what I use and neither subsidize others nor be subsidized.
 

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