My one contribution after reading through all of this is going to be on the housing part of the picture, and probably not well-received. The current view/usage of housing as an investment vehicle and store of wealth for an individual is a big part of the problem IMO. In order to start correcting the lack of housing and the NIMBYism that demands the status quo continue, housing must be viewed as a good or consumable product instead of an actual investment and/or store of wealth. A durable, long-lasting good, of course, but ultimately not that different to a car in that it's viewed as a "consumable" product with always declining value instead of something to store wealth in.
There are challenges to this beyond just how this idea is received (how do you do this while being environmentally conscious, for example), but I really believe that this is an important part of the puzzle. When it's "just a good" instead of a big part of your retirement plan/nest egg and you don't expect to recoup anywhere close to what you paid if/when you sell, suddenly that transit stop bringing "undesirables" near you is no longer as big of a deal. Your "investment" (however much you decide to make of one) is now in the people and community around you instead of the physical structures that must retain their maximum value to the detriment of others in so many ways. This has to come with zoning and other regulatory changes as well, and that starts to address some of the affordability equation on the housing side. Maybe that's the difference between a $5 increase over 5 years being enough vs. a more immediate increase over 3 years to try and keep peoples' heads above water as costs rise. But the simple fact is that the continuing sprawl throughout Central Florida is unsustainable financially, environmentally, and structurally and does no one any favors in the end once everything is considered. There must be a change in how housing is viewed, by everyone, and a change in what is built, how it's built, and who owns it.
Of course, if wages kept pace with productivity, that would be a big difference maker as well. As production and efficiency has climbed in the modern era, those gains have gone nearly exclusively straight to the top.