Here is a list I compiled a few months ago of the major differences between Moderates and Values:
Moderate rooms are 314 sq. ft. (except CBR rooms are 340).
Value rooms are 260 sq. ft.
The 54 square feet difference is about the size of two double beds.
Moderate rooms have a ceiling fan.
Value rooms don't.
At Moderates you can reserve/guarantee and pay extra for a king-size bed.
At Values you can't reserve/guarantee a king-size bed; you can only request one, but there is no extra charge.
Moderate rooms have a fridge.
Value rooms don't (or you'll pay $10/day to rent).
Moderate rooms have 2 sinks (except CSR's have 1).
Value rooms have 1 sink.
Moderates have a pool slide and a hot tub.
Values have neither.
Moderates provide pool towels at the main pool.
Values typically don't provide pool towels ... you must use your room towels.
Moderates' bus stops are covered (think protection from rain and hot sun).
Values' bus stops are not covered.
Moderates have lush landscaping.
Values have more "hardscaping."
Moderates have a food court AND a table-service restaurant (except POFQ ... food court only).
Values have only a food court.
Moderates have some sort of recreational activity (e.g., boat rentals, bike rentals).
Values don't have that type of recreational activity.
At Moderates, the maximum room charge limit is $1,000.
At Values, it's $500.
EXTRA CREDIT:
POFQ and POR have boat service to Downtown Disney.
CSR has queen-size beds, full room service, and a gym.
Values are much more "kid-themed" and whimsical-looking than the Moderates.