You’re absolutely right,! This is also what makes it feel like Walt’s park.Honest answer, the absolute most essential thing at Disneyland is not a ride, land, or show, it's the theme of Americana. The Disneyland Railroad, Main Street USA, Frontierland, Rivers of America, New Orleans Square, the Golden Age Disney classics. Not to say these particular attractions/lands are or aren't essential but the idea behind them is more important. As for rides that are essential, Pirates of the Caribbean and Haunted Mansion more than anything else. Without that core theme and without those two rides, Disneyland would not be Disneyland, and any place that calls itself Disneyland but lacks these is not Disneyland.
DL:
Really anything left from 55 to 67...
More specifically:
The whole walk from RR to castle. That most iconic street view in pop culture, an American landmark.
When You Wish Upon a Star under the castle gate.
The light left on for Walt above the Fire Station.
I literally would make the pilgrimage out West right now or anytime just to walk to the hub and back.
DCA:
I really don't care. I'll spend a nice enough afternoon there, but if next visit I found the entire thing razed and replaced by another park I wouldn't miss a thing.
When I was a kid there were so many more tourists at DL. Now I hardly notice any at all. I guess 5 international Disney parks opening around the world since then have something to do with it.
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