Theme Parks and the recursive nature of the picturesque. The term "picturesque" was popularized by William Gilpin in the mid-1700s. It means, loosely, "having those properties one might associate with a really good picture." This sounds innocuous enough, but remember, back in the day, a picture was a very expensive, time-consuming, and rare thing imbued with a lot of symbolic significance. So, a place that just happened to have the qualities of a really good picture was a very special place indeed. The cultural practice of seeking out such edifying picturesque places fed directly into the development of tourism. People began creating places, like gardens, to embody picturesque qualities, romantic ruins, winding streams, gnarly old trees… all derived from the content of great paintings. Nobody would argue that there isn't a direct relationship between tourism and theme parks, but theme parks and Edmund Burke, John Ruskin, and Goethe?? A traceable pedigree links the design of theme park settings back to English landscape garden design, through the philosophy of the picturesque. It's no accident that the modern themepark landscape presents so many opportunities for spectacular photographs. It is actually a tautological loop. Picturesque destinations went from being historical and natural places, to privately created places, then to public spaces, and then to commercially created places. Meanwhile, the visual aesthetics of the picturesque became encoded in film, because film is a picture, and this globalized a picturesque way of looking. Picturesque film environments then inspired picturesque built environments, leading to the present moment, when an artificially-built picturesque environment is once again converted into thousands of pictures, precisely because it is picturesque, and makes a really good picture. Recursive and tautological. Salvator Rosa, Piranesi, Capability Brown, Bierstadt, Casper David Friedrich, Pugin, Viollet-le-Duc, Cole..any of these romantic era artists would recognize the world created by themed designers working today. A picturesque world that only exists by being looked at. Photo: K.M. Kealey
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