Parks set height limits to boost safety
By Christopher Boyd | Sentinel Staff Writer
Posted June 15, 2005
For Orlando's famed attractions, finding a balance between excitement and safety is critical.
The death of 4-year-old Daudi Bamuwamye after a ride Monday on Mission: Space at Walt Disney World's Epcot immediately raised questions not just about the ride's safety -- but how to judge what thrills are right for young visitors.
Amusement-industry experts say that Disney, Universal Orlando and other parks spend years developing and testing rides, designing equipment that seldom causes problems.
"Everything they can anticipate, they anticipate," said Bill Coan, a president of ITEC Entertainment Corp. and a former Disney executive. "They consider the emotions and the physical sensations that one might experience. It's involved."
But as safe as rides might be for fit adults, there are people, including young children, who might suffer ill effects. As a safety measure, the parks set height restrictions for would-be passengers, and they post signs advising those with medical conditions to avoid rides that might pose risks.
Theme parks use height restrictions such as the 44-inch minimum imposed on Mission: Space passengers to prevent children from boarding inappropriate rides. Those limits weed out small children. But Coan said parents need to make judgments of their own.
Beth Robertson, spokeswoman for the International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions, said injury is rare throughout her industry.
"Last year, 300 million guests took 1.5 billion rides," Robertson said. "The chance of being injured seriously enough to require overnight hospitalization is one in 10 million. The chance of being fatally injured is one in 790 million."
Robertson said amusement-park-ride designers adhere to safety standards set by the American Society for Testing and Materials. She said safety standards include passenger-height limits, restraints and gravitational forces created when the ride is in motion.
In addition to those standards, Robertson said 42 states, including Florida, have laws pertaining to amusement-park safety.
"With the big theme parks, safety is the No. 1 concern," said Steve Baker, principal of Baker Leisure Group in Orlando. "Disney rides get daily safety checks, daily maintenance, daily everything. In the area of safety, they are the best in the business."
Jerry Aldrich, president of Amusement Industry Consulting Inc. in Orlando, said passenger-height restrictions are a key safety measure. He said theme-park engineers consult the national Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Society of Automotive Engineers for data that correlate height with age.
"If you decide that your ride is appropriate for a child of four years and nine months, you look at the data and find a height," Aldrich said. "Height is the best way to screen people. It's something a ride operator can see."
At Universal Studios, for example, the Revenge of the Mummy ride requires that passengers be at least 48 inches tall. Back to the Future The Ride sets a minimum of 40 inches, but demands that those shorter than 48 inches be accompanied by an adult.
"You start with a concept and decide where you want to go," Aldrich said. "You then decide how you want to tell the story. Then you design restraints to protect the people. And then you decide the minimum age of a person who will take the ride."
Aldrich said rides are tested extensively with weighted figures that represent the sizes of people expected to take the ride.
"It can take three or four years to develop a ride," Aldrich said. "Disney can easily take longer."
Christopher Boyd can be reached at
cboyd@orlandosentinel.com or 407-420-5723.