My take is that all the rides shared by both Disneyland and Magic Kingdom are either nearly the same, or have an artistic and showmanship edge with the Disneyland version.
The one exception to this is Splash Mountain. I think the Splash Mountain at Magic Kingdom is dramatically superior to the Disneyland version, mainly from an artistic and showmanship standpoint.
The thrills and the splash are the same at each park, but the Magic Kingdom version has a much better sense of set design, pacing and storytelling. The first time I went on the Magic Kingdom version of Splash Mountain I was amazed that there was actually a plot! There's a plotline for Splash Mountain! Who knew?!?
That said, I only wish the Magic Kingdom could take better care of its animatronics and special effects. Not much has ever worked on any visit to Magic Kingdom's Splash Mountain. The animatronics look and perform better at Disneyland, but the ride is so frantic and fast in Anaheim that you have no idea what is going on with any apparent plot.
While I always got the plot of the Disneyland version (maybe because I've seen the movie numerous times), the MK version is far better fleshed out...and the characters don't all look as if they were just pulled from America Sings.
There are some other attractions that surpass Disneyland's:
1. The Hall of Presidents - I love Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln...or at least I did until they turned it into Sounds Dangerous starring Honest Abe. Now, however, we don't even have a Mr. Lincoln attraction. Don't get me wrong, I love "Disneyland: The First 50 Magical Years," but I hate that they put Lincoln on hiatus for it. I hear he may soon be coming back, but even so, the attraction at the Magic Kingdom is so much grander in scale than Disneyland's. I'm a big Audio-Animatronics geek, so to see that many of them all in one place is stunning.
2. Snow White's Scary Adventures - Disneyland's always seems like they just ran out of space and couldn't add a proper ending, so they just painted a "And they lived happily ever after..." on the wall and hoped everyone would just use their imaginations about what happened after the witch was killed. At the MK, not only do you get a better beginning (Snow White by the well with the Queen watching from her window), but you get a Prince awakening Snow White scene AND a farewell scene. The whole story is there, and it feels so much more complete for it. Now if they could just keep the danged thing working whenever I'm on it. I think of the eight times I've been on it I've only made it all the way through once without it going 101 temporarily.
3. Jungle Cruise - Many will argue with me on this, but the MK's is longer and it has a very cool temple (Shirley Temple). Yes, Disneyland's has a couple of new scenes, but I still prefer the one at the MK...maybe because I had the best skipper ever there in 1996.
4. Swiss Family Treehouse - It's a simple attraction, and - gasp! - one you actually have to walk through and use your imagination with, but for me it still is better at the Magic Kingdom than the redone Tarzan's Treehouse in Disneyland. The suspension bridge is kind of neat, but the statues of the characters don't impress me. If they had used actual Audio-Animatronics, I might like it a whole lot more.
5. Thunder Mountain - The flooded mining town alone makes this a better attraction. Then there's the beautiful ending past the geysers and the larger space used for the whole attraction. Disneyland's is great, but the MK version is even more impressive.