Alisa, you have a lot of research to do and should be ready to prioritize your attractions. Even on a slow weekday, you can't dawdle and you will need to be ready to skip a lot of your favorites from WDW. There are nearly as many attractions in both Disneyland Resort parks as there are in all four WDW parks combined. Luckily for you, a lot of these rides were cloned at WDW and you can skip some of the big ones.
Here's a list of attractions that are exclusive to Disneyland Resort, or that you at least won't find at WDW, listed from big to small using the old ticket system:
E Tickets
Indiana Jones Adventure - Disneyland
Matterhorn Bobsleds - Disneyland
Radiator Springs Racers - DCA
Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage - Disneyland
California Screamin' - DCA
Grizzly River Run - DCA (similar to Kali River, but several minutes longer and themed differently)
D Tickets
Sailing Ship Columbia - Disneyland (only ship running this winter due to Mark Twain rehab)
Davy Crockett Explorer Canoes (only runs weekends in winter)
Storybook Land Canal Boats - Disneyland
Redwood Creek Challenge Trail - DCA
Pirate's Lair on Tom Sawyer Island - Disneyland
Goofy's Sky School - DCA
Animation Pavilion - DCA (Turtle Talk clone inside, but also unique other shows/exhibits inside)
C Tickets
Pinnochio's Daring Journey - Disneyland
Mr. Toad's Wild Ride - Disneyland
Snow White's Scary Adventures - Disneyland (closed for good last year at WDW)
Alice In Wonderland - Disneyland
Roger Rabbit's Car Toon Spin - Disneyland
Monsters Inc. Mike & Sulley To The Rescue! - DCA
Casey Jr. Circus Train - Disneyland
Mickey's Fun Wheel - DCA
Tuck & Roll's Drive 'Em Buggies - DCA
Luigi's Flying Tires - DCA
Mater's Junkyard Jamboree - DCA
Red Car Trolley - DCA
B Tickets
Tarzan's Treehouse - Disneyland
Golden Zephyr - DCA
Silly Symphony Swings - DCA
Jumpin' Jellyfish - DCA
Flik's Flyers - DCA
Francis' Ladybug Boogie - DCA
Heimlich's Chew Chew Train - DCA
A Tickets
Sleeping Beauty Castle Walkthrough - Disneyland
Blue Sky Cellar - DCA
Big Thunder Ranch Petting Zoo - Disneyland
Boudin Bakery Tour - DCA
Main Street Cinema - Disneyland
Disney Gallery - Disneyland
You obviously can't do all of those rides in a single day, and many of the B Tickets are simple spinner rides you can skip. But research the ones that interest you, especially the E Tickets and dark rides, and try to fit as many as you can into your day.
Then consider doing some of the cloned rides that are superior at Disneyland. Pirates is the obvious choice here, but Jungle Cruise, Small World, Space Mountain, Buzz Lightyear, and Peter Pan's Flight are all either noticeably longer, different, or more advanced than the WDW versions. Tower of Terror, Haunted Mansion, Winnie The Pooh, and Splash Mountain are generally thought to be inferior at Disneyland for one reason or another, and can be skipped unless you are a big fan.
For fast dining, in DCA I strongly recommend the Boudin Bakery for fresh salads and soups in bread bowls you can watch them make on the bakery tour attached to the café. The two Paradise Garden Grill restaurants in DCA are also very good, and they will have a band playing on the patio during dining hours. In Disneyland I recommend the French Market in New Orleans Square; another patio restaurant with a live band during dining hours.
I find the Chinese food at Lucky Fortune Cookery to be a goopy imitation of Panda Express, but to each his own.
Wear comfortable shoes, stick to your priorities, and keep moving. You have a lot to do if you are there for just one day.