I live in Atlanta and don't know of a single mini-golf spot anywhere near the city other than a couple of Puttshacks, which aren't really the same thing. They do involve mini-golf, but they're indoors with a bar and food and really targeted at adults who want to play a game while they drink.
When I was a kid growing up in a decent sized city in NC, there were a couple of Putt-Putt locations but they've all closed. I think the only place left there for mini-golf is a big center with an arcade, go-karts, bumper boats, etc. that's a major birthday party spot for kids.
I really only see mini-golf places when I'm at a beach.