just for reference...
The Peachtree 10k run in Atlanta requires about 3,500 volunteers for the 60,000 runners.
The 2022 Ironman Triathlon World Championship in Hawaii used 8,000 volunteers in addition to 100 police officers and 100 paid staff for the two-day event, with 5,000 triathletes participating. A triathlon, especially a full distance race (2.4mi swim, 112mi bike, 26.2mi run) requires a LOT more help than a running race, but I thought this stat might be interesting to share.
I was the lead of a volunteer team at the Peachtree (mile 3 water stop) for several years. For just for one side of the road, at that one water stop, we needed 30+ people to set up and hand out water. What did we get? A volunteer shirt. Why did we get up at 3am to set up the tables, fill the water cups, and hand out water? Because races like this cannot operate without volunteers, and those on our team understood the importance of our role to the Peachtree participants.
As an active triathlete, I understand the value of volunteers, and the race suffers when there are not enough volunteers. That is why I make it a point to thank all volunteers I see when I race. And, my family has enjoyed volunteering at some of my races.
A race director (RD) does not have to give anything to volunteers. But, sometimes a little extra thank you can encourage more volunteers. Certainly a free entry to a theme park is a great incentive to volunteer, and might make the difference for someone on the fence about giving up personal time to help. Personally, I like it when an RD offers a free entry to a future race in exchange for volunteering.